Legal system and method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legitimate framework and strategy - Essay Example Four Judges heard the case as there were two interests heard together. They were heard together as the two of them included translation of segment 3 of the Homicide Act 1957. 3. Which judge led the seat and passed on the judgment? Compose a short true to life note on this adjudicator, including his later profession. What dubious articulation did he make about Sharia law, in 2008? Name and date three out-of court-talks made by this appointed authority. How might you sum up his perspectives on human rights? Ruler Phillips CJ led and conveyed the judgment. Nicholas Addison Phillips was conceived in 1938 and had his training at Bryanston School, Blandofrd, Dorset and Kings College, Cambridge. He served in Royal Navy. He was enlisted into the bar in 1962 and began his legal assistance as a Recorder in 1982. After his stretch as a High Court judge in 1987 and an intrigue court judge in 1995, he turned into a Lord of bids in 1999 and Master of the Rolls at the Court of Appeal, Civil divisio n in June 2000. During his residency, he heard interests of General Augusto Pincohet, previous tyrant of Chile and decided that he was not qualified for insusceptibility from removal. He managed notable preliminaries including the interests from Maxwell siblings and Barlow Clowes, a venture organization. He likewise led the BSE enquiry and inferred that an opportune activity by the legislature would have forestalled the spread of the infection. Known for his effortlessness of cycling to court, he is hitched to Cristylle Marie-Therese Rouffiac and has two children.1,2. During his discourse before the London Muslim Council on 3 July 2008, he communicated that he was agreeable to Sharia law being presented in England and Wales furnished it didn't strife with the laws of the nation or didn't bring about serious disciplines being forced. Including that there had been across the board confusion about Sharia law in England, he supported that it could be utilized for elective contest goals structures, for example, intercession and mediation other than use of the Sharia law to marriage customs. He additionally invited presentation of Islamic money related items. 3. Master Phillip’s three out of court discourses: 1) â€Å"The Supreme Court And Other Constitutional Changes In The UK† before â€Å"Members Of The Royal Court The Jersey Law Society and Members Of The States Of Jersey â€Å" at The Royal Court St Helier Jersey second May 2008. 2) â€Å"Lord Mayor’s Dinner for the Judges† at the Mansion House on 15 July 2008. 3) â€Å"Equality under the steady gaze of the Law† at East London Muslim Center on 3 July 2008. Ruler Phillip has said that Human Rights are not hampering the endeavors of the administration to battle against fear based oppression. He reminds that Britain has invited exiles from everywhere throughout the world after the World War II to promise them assurance from infringement of their human rights. â€Å"The purport ed 'war against psychological oppression' isn't so much a military as an ideological fight. Regard for human rights is a key weapon in that ideological battle.†4 4. Who was the subsequent positioning appointed authority for the situation? What was his job at that point? What is his activity now? Compose a concise true to life note on him. What is his uncommon relationship with Kingston University? Name and date three out-of-court talks made by this appointed authority. What is his notoriety on condemning? Second positioning adjudicator was Justice Poole. Sir David Anthony Poole was conceived on 8 June 1938 and passed on 18 June 2006 in a matter of seconds

Methods of Data Collection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Techniques for Data Collection - Assignment Example In an organized meeting, there are set of inquiries that are posed by the specialist and there is simply this. (Leedy,1997). Face - to - face talk with information assortment strategy has an unmistakable preferred position that empowers the scientist to think of a report that has potential members. Subsequently this makes him ready to pick up their participation. In overview inquire about, this meeting produces the most noteworthy reaction rates. It additionally empowers the analyst to have the option to explain answers that are vague, look for follow-up data and when fitting. A portion of the impediments incorporate tedious, costly and unrealistic when huge examples are utilized. (Leedy,1997). Phone interviews technique for information assortment are more affordable and less tedious and the specialist has simple access to anybody on the planet with a phone. The restrictions are that the pace of reaction isn't that high as that of the up close and personal meeting yet moderately higher when contrasted with the sent poll. There might be predispositions in the example whereby the people without any telephones are remembered for the populace where the scientist needs to draw surmisings from. PC Assisted Personal Interviewing includes individual meeting, whereby the questioner joins a hand-held PC or a PC to enter the data legitimately into the database as opposed to finishing a survey. This information assortment strategy spares time during information preparing. It likewise spares the questioner from having many polls. In any case, then again, this strategy for information assortment can be costly to set up and needs the questioners to have a PC just as composing aptitudes (Markham, 2004). Polls ordinarily utilize rating scales and Checklist. These gadgets normally help in evaluating and rearranging people groups mentalities and practices. An agenda is a rundown of qualities, practices or different elements which the analyst is intrigued in.â â

Getting Help for Social Anxiety Disorder at College

Getting Help for Social Anxiety Disorder at College Social Anxiety Disorder Work and School Print Getting Help for Social Anxiety Disorder at College By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on July 16, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Getty / Hero Images If you are struggling with  social anxiety disorder (SAD)  at college, it can be difficult to manage the everyday aspects of being a student, such as making new friends and attending classes. You Are Not Alone According to a 2011 national survey, more than 62 percent of students with mental health problems who withdrew from college did so because of those issues. Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health problems experienced by college students today. Understanding Social Anxiety Disorder If you have lived with anxiety for a long time, it may be hard to understand that your symptoms are a diagnosable illness that can be treated. If you have not already been diagnosed, a good place to start is to read about the symptoms of SAD and criteria for diagnosis. How Having SAD May Affect You in College From approaching professors to making new friends and initiating romantic relationships, much of campus life is social. If your SAD is left untreated, all aspects of your college experience may be affected.Academics:  You may find it hard to participate in class, ask questions, get help with homework, join study groups, give presentations, and approach professors.Social activities:  You may be less likely to participate in clubs and sports, to initiate friendships or romantic relationships, and to stand up for yourself in difficult situations.Alcohol abuse:  Students with severe social anxiety are at increased risk of problem drinking if alcohol is used as a coping strategy. How to Get Help SAD is a  highly treatable  disorder with medication and/or therapy. Receiving a proper diagnosis and treatment is important in managing this illness. The first line of treatment is usually  medication  and/or  cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). As a student, you may have access to an on-campus mental health center. Often, these will be staffed with therapists, psychologists, or student interns, and will offer a variety of services such as individual and group therapy. Therapy is usually short-term and may be free or available for a fee. If your college or university does not have a mental health center, look for a medical center either on campus or in the community and ask for a referral to a mental health professional. Another alternative is to investigate whether the psychology or psychiatry department at your school offers counseling or medication as part of ongoing research studies. Often, these types of studies are posted on the departments websites. Participation is generally anonymous and they will assess your symptoms to ensure that the treatment is appropriate for your situation. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Coping With SAD at College As a college or university student, you can do additional things on your own while receiving treatment. Think about using these strategies as you progress through treatment and begin to feel more comfortable in social situations. Building Friendships Smile, nod, or say hello to classmates.Make comments about assignments or exams to a nearby classmate. Repeat this process at each class, gradually including more classmates until it seems more natural to talk with them.As you feel more comfortable, bring up the idea of a study group or getting together for recreation.If getting to know others in class is difficult, consider joining a service organization on campus. Working together with others toward a common goal is a great way to get to know people.Consider approaching others who seem shy or nervousâ€"they may be less intimidating. How to Make Friends When You Have SAD Body Language and Speech Maintain frequent eye contact with others.Have a relaxed but alert posture.Practice speaking in a moderately loud voice. Conversation Topics Give compliments.Read up on current events and campus news.Be a curious listener, ask open-ended questions starting with why, how, what, or when. Class Presentations Most people get butterflies before speaking in front of a group. However, the initial nervousness usually subsides as they begin speaking and become involved in their topic and with the audience. The opposite tends to happen to people who have SAD. They remain nervous during their speech and became focused on their own anxiety symptoms such as a quivering voice, dry mouth, blushing, rapid heartbeat, and feelings of dread and panic. You will probably at some point be required to give a presentation. If you suffer from severe performance anxiety,  behavioral therapy  such as  systemic desensitization  can be helpful. You can also do several things on your own to help lessen the impact of your anxiety: If possible, choose a topic that you are really passionate about so that you will get enjoyment from sharing your knowledge.Try to get the audience involved at the beginning of your presentation to take some pressure off of yourself. Consider asking your audiences opinion on a topic, having them break into small groups to discuss an issue, or asking for a volunteer to help you demonstrate some aspect of your presentation. Top Tips for Managing Public Speaking Anxiety Positive Lifestyle Coping Strategies Some positive coping strategies that you can start using today include: Exercise Regular exercise is good for maintaining both a healthy mind and body. Choose an activity that you will stick with and enjoy. Go for a walk or jog, try out that new yoga video or just play some frisbee! Your college or university may even offer on-campus facilities or exercise classesâ€"with the added bonus of the chance to make some new friends. Proper Nutrition The typical student diet can wreak havoc on your health. Try to eat regular meals and snacks throughout the day, and avoid caffeine and sugar when possible as these may aggravate anxiety. Using a Healthy Diet and Exercise for Reducing Anxiety A Word From Verywell As a student with social anxiety disorder,  you will face more challenges at college or university. However, with proper diagnosis, treatment, and coping strategies, your odds of having a fulfilling experience are very high. Remember to take every day as it comes, be mindful of your anxious thoughts, and focus on your goals both in terms of your education, making friends, and growing as an individual.

Huck Finns Ending Essay - 1282 Words

Dear Mark Twain, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After reading your famous novel, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† I don’t feel that the ending you have created is suitable for the book. Throughout the entire novel, Huck is going to all extremes to help out a friend in need, Jim. As a slave, Jim is grateful for having such an honest and open friend like Huck, but it seems as if when he finds out he was free all along, things change. When Jim and Huck found themselves at the end of their journey, neither had anything left to run from because Huck’s dad was dead and Jim found out that Mrs. Watson freed him when she passed away a few months ago and hoped he would soon be with his family. Because of this ending of your choice, we never†¦show more content†¦I do feel that it is too long-winded and a downfall to such a great novel, but it is very important in reinforcing the message put forth in the rest of the novel; the greatest of which is the shortcomings of modern soci ety and the hypocrisy and arrogance, and even the stupidity of people of Twain’s time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Aside from the ending as a downfall, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn taught an important lesson, one that showed the importance of the self in the maturing process. We saw Huck grow up by having the river as a place of solitude and thought, where he was able to participate in society at times, and also sit back and observe society. Through the childs eye we see how ignorant and mob-like we can all be. Then nature, peace, and logic are presented in the form of the river where Huck goes to think. Though no concise answer is given, the literature forces the reader to examine their surroundings, and question their leaders, which can also lead into this great disappointment. Because we idolize Huck for his individualism and beliefs, the end of the novel lets all the readers down. We can no longer refer to Huck as a hero because he never got Jim to freedom, instead prevented him from it. Although Huck loved Jim, he feared his future and what would happen to him if he were caughtShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Its Characterization951 Words   |  4 PagesHon. 2nd 3 March 2016 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and its Characterization In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, there is a large use of characterization to develop the characters and is influenced by the time period. Mark Twain was born in 1835, and lived to see the Civil War start. This is a big influence on his writing, because his two most famous works, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. They both take place in the time before the CivilRead More A Psychoanalytic Reading of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1582 Words   |  7 PagesA Psychoanalytic Reading of Huckleberry Finn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychoanalytic conditions, stages and symptoms pervade the seemingly simplistic narration of a child-narrator, Huck Finn. Such Freudian psychoanalytic ideas as Thanatos, repressed desires and how they seek their way back through dream work, through parapraxis, can all find examples in this fiction. Besides, Lacanian concept of the unconscious as the nucleus of our being, as an orderly network, as well as his famous theory the mirrorRead MoreRacism of Yesterday and Today Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain in the middle of the nineteenth century. Much of the inspiration for the book came from Mark Twain’s own encounters. Twain’s experiences as a steamboat pilot from 1835 to 1845 provided a great deal of the historical context for his work. The novel revolves around a southern boy, Huck, and a slave named Jim who both reject society by running away in hopes of finding freedom. The Adventure s of Huckleberry Finn highlights and portrays the crueltyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Trilling, And Huckleberry Finn By Leo Marx1315 Words   |  6 PagesFrom Mr. Eliot, Mr. Trilling, and Huckleberry Finn by Leo Marx In this essay, Leo Marx is talking about how the ending of the story in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not well connected to the whole meaning of the events that happens throughout the story. He is saying that the ending of the story throws out completely the plot. Marx is explaining how interesting was the journey that Huck and Jim had, searching for Jim s freedom, but to him everything what they did to get Jim out of thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1701 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' A work of literature can be read by ten different people, and it will be understood ten different ways; Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is no exception. At the end of the novel, Tom reveals his plans for the â€Å"evasion† which is relatively immoral, but Tom and Huck would never know whether it was or was not. In addition to its blind cruelty, it is misleading in that it seems as if it is meant to be interpreted, which is one reason why it is constantly critiqued. Another reason itRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1648 Words   |  7 Pagesrealism movement. Mark Twain was a skeptic about religion, and had especially harsh criticism of extreme evangelical Christians. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the most prominent representations of Mark Twain s Realism. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about a neglected 13-year old, whose father is a drunk. We see the world from Huck s point of view as he attempts to decipher the wo rld around him. Along the way, Mark Twain exploits social problems in this world and depicts the hypocrisyRead MoreComparison of Jim from Huckleberry Finn or Ethan Frome1540 Words   |  6 Pages How can you compare Jims situation from Huck FInn to Ethan Fromes situation. How are the two characters alike and how are they different. Base your answers on information regarding their genre. Which character has more of a chance of making it and why? Jim from The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn and Ethan Frome from Ethan Frome share many incidents in a indistinguishable occurrence. They also share many qualities that allow each of these two characters to have divergent and duplicate qualitiesRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1164 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain writes about the events in Huckleberry Finn’s life and the people around him. Huckleberry Finn tells the tale of life in the nineteenth century through the eyes of a 14-year-old boy struggling to find his place in this society. Throughout the story Huck deals with several moral issues; such as slavery, his distrust of society, and social order. In this essay I will discuss moral issues that Huck Finn faces in the story. The story takes placesRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1574 Words   |  7 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn, verbalized that â€Å"the relative strengths of good and evil in the world are drastically unbalanced and society is far from being the idyllic, equal post-Civil War affair it pretends to be.† Twain has an authentic, albeit marginally controversial means by which he tells the story of a white thirteen year old, southern, and relatively illiterate boy named Huckleberry Finn. While inquiring whether or not Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, has a flawed ending due to the lack of moralRead More Struggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesStruggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Widow Douglas, she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldnt stand it no longer, I lit out. The aforementioned quotation best describes Hucks philosophy when faced with ties that bind. When he is unable to take the restrictions of life any longer, whether

A Short Story - 1553 Words

â€Å"Hawke. Youre awake?† Isabela asked. Reposing at her side she passed the right index around the nipple-areola of her and, smiling on hearing a small giggle. â€Å"Yes, my dear sweet Rivaini?† Positioning the head on the Isabela neck and kissing her nape with eyes closed, making the Rivaini quiver. â€Å"The last trick you did. It was amazing.† Moving up while caressing the upper chest and following towards the neck until her right cheek, pressing the thumb on her lips. â€Å"And youre always trying new things for me..., Spells to increase pleasure and your cock and pussy are wonderful, also many positions you mastered.† â€Å"Hmm... Bela?† Hawke with eyes now open and unsure of what direction that talk is going to. â€Å"Something wrong? Did something†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You... Ah! Fuck,† Isabela broke the kiss and looked at Hawkes eyes, â€Å"This is one of the reasons I cant abandon you, Hawke. I want you to be mine and mine only.† â€Å"What?† A sudden stop while staying with hands extended on the bed looking at her, â€Å"Bela.† â€Å"I thought about it a lot.† Isabela said to her and started to thought, She loves me, and I love her; Furthermore, she fucking commanded four ships to kill one of the most dangerous known men for me. Before that also dueled one of the most fearsome Qunari this world took notice gaining my heart. Being not enough, she gave me a fucking ship for love alone.† â€Å"Hawke. No, Marian, I love you, and I want you to be mine and, no one else forever, what you always did for me. I want to repay, so would you accept my feelings?† Her wet amber eyes looking at Hawkes blue eyes crying and between hiccups, Bela. I always loved you. The city still burning while the rest of the Qunari army goes downstairs carrying the Tome of Koslum quietly. Being followed by the Templars led by Meredith and with Orsino at her side to ensure that they will leave Kirkwall. On the top of the stairs where a recent duel happened. Hawke looked down to the Arishok beheaded by her staff, on a challenge she received to protect someone she cares and love. â€Å"You bitch born whore. You will not leave. Not now,† Aveline shouted loud enough to make Hawke snap from her thoughts. â€Å"You have a lot to answer for..., And you will abandon her, after what justShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 W ords   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of eventsRead MoreRacism in the Short Stories1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intr uding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narrator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. In

Part Two Chapter IV Free Essays

string(66) " to her in tight T-shirts; they looked barely out of their teens\." IV Samantha’s dinner invitation to Kay had been motivated by a mixture of vengefulness and boredom. She saw it as retaliation against Miles, who was always busy with schemes in which he gave her no say but with which he expected her to co-operate; she wanted to see how he liked it when she arranged things without consulting him. Then she would be stealing a march on Maureen and Shirley, those nosy old crones, who were so fascinated by Gavin’s private affairs but knew next to nothing about the relationship between him and his London girlfriend. We will write a custom essay sample on Part Two Chapter IV or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, it would afford her another opportunity to sharpen her claws on Gavin for being pusillanimous and indecisive about his love life: she might talk about weddings in front of Kay or say how nice it was to see Gavin making a commitment at last. However, her plans for the discomfiture of others gave Samantha less pleasure than she had hoped. When on Saturday morning she told Miles what she had done, he reacted with suspicious enthusiasm. ‘Great, yeah, we haven’t had Gavin round for ages. And nice for you to get to know Kay.’ ‘Why?’ ‘Well, you always got on with Lisa, didn’t you?’ ‘Miles, I hated Lisa.’ ‘Well, OK †¦ maybe you’ll like Kay better!’ She glared at him, wondering where all this good humour was coming from. Lexie and Libby, home for the weekend and cooped up in the house because of the rain, were watching a music DVD in the sitting room; a guitar-laden ballad blared through to the kitchen where their parents stood talking. ‘Listen,’ said Miles, brandishing his mobile, ‘Aubrey wants to have a talk with me about the council. I’ve just called Dad, and the Fawleys have invited us all to dinner tonight at Sweetlove – ‘ ‘No thanks,’ said Samantha, cutting him off. She was suddenly full of a fury she could barely explain, even to herself. She walked out of the room. They argued in low voices all over the house through the day, trying not to spoil their daughters’ weekend. Samantha refused to change her mind or to discuss her reasons. Miles, afraid of getting angry at her, was alternately conciliatory and cold. ‘How do you think it’s going to look if you don’t come?’ he said at ten to eight that evening, standing in the doorway of the sitting room, ready to leave, wearing a suit and tie. ‘It’s nothing to do with me, Miles,’ Samantha said. ‘You’re the one running for office.’ She liked watching him dither. She knew that he was terrified of being late, yet wondering whether he could still persuade her to go with him. ‘You know they’ll be expecting both of us.’ ‘Really? Nobody sent me an invitation.’ ‘Oh, come off it, Sam, you know they meant – they took it for granted – ‘ ‘More fool them, then. I’ve told you, I don’t fancy it. You’d better hurry. You don’t want to keep Mummy and Daddy waiting.’ He left. She listened to the car reversing out of the drive, then went into the kitchen, opened a bottle of wine and brought it back into the sitting room with a glass. She kept picturing Howard, Shirley and Miles all having dinner together at Sweetlove House. It would surely be the first orgasm Shirley had had in years. Her thoughts swerved irresistibly to what her accountant had said to her during the week. Profits were way down, whatever she had pretended to Howard. The accountant had actually suggested closing the shop and concentrating on the online side of the business. This would be an admission of failure that Samantha was not prepared to make. For one thing, Shirley would love it if the shop closed; she had been a bitch about it from the start. I’m sorry, Sam, it’s not really my taste †¦ just a teeny bit over the top †¦ But Samantha loved her little red and black shop in Yarvil; loved getting away from Pagford every day, chatting to customers, gossiping with Carly, her assistant. Her world would be tiny without the shop she had nurtured for fourteen years; it would contract, in short, to Pagford. (Pagford, bloody Pagford. Samantha had never meant to live here. She and Miles had planned a year out before starting work, a round-the-world trip. They had their itinerary mapped out, their visas ready. Samantha had dreamed about walking barefoot and hand in hand on long white Australian beaches. And then she had found out that she was pregnant. She had come down to visit him at ‘Ambleside’, a day after she had taken the pregnancy test, one week after their graduation. They were supposed to be leaving for Singapore in eight days’ time. Samantha had not wanted to tell Miles in his parents’ house; she was afraid that they would overhear. Shirley seemed to be behind every door Samantha opened in the bungalow. So she waited until they were sitting at a dark corner table in the Black Canon. She remembered the rigid line of Miles’ jaw when she told him; he seemed, in some indefinable way, to become older as the news hit him. He did not speak for several petrified seconds. Then he said, ‘Right. We’ll get married.’ He told her that he had already bought her a ring, that he had been planning to propose somewhere good, somewhere like the top of Ayers Rock. Sure enough, when they got back to the bungalow, he unearthed the little box from where he had already hidden it in his rucksack. It was a small solitaire diamond from a jeweller’s in Yarvil; he had bought it with some of the money his grandmother had left him. Samantha had sat on the edge of Miles’ bed and cried and cried. They had married three months later.) Alone with her bottle of wine, Samantha turned on the television. It brought up the DVD Lexie and Libby had been watching: a frozen image of four young men singing to her in tight T-shirts; they looked barely out of their teens. You read "Part Two Chapter IV" in category "Essay examples" She pressed play. After the boys finished their song, the DVD cut to an interview. Samantha slugged back her wine, watching the band joking with each other, then becoming earnest as they discussed how much they loved their fans. She thought that she would have known them as Americans even if the sound had been off. Their teeth were perfect. It grew late; she paused the DVD, went upstairs and told the girls to leave the PlayStation and go to bed; then she returned to the sitting room, where she was three-quarters of the way down the bottle of wine. She had not turned on the lamps. She pressed play and kept drinking. When the DVD finished, she put it back to the beginning and watched the bit she had missed. One of the boys appeared significantly more mature than the other three. He was broader across the shoulders; biceps bulged beneath the short sleeves of his T-shirt; he had a thick strong neck and a square jaw. Samantha watched him undulating, staring into the camera with a detached serious expression on his handsome face, which was all planes and angles and winged black eyebrows. She thought of sex with Miles. It had last happened three weeks previously. His performance was as predictable as a Masonic handshake. One of his favourite sayings was ‘if it’s not broke, don’t fix it’. Samantha emptied the last of the bottle into her glass and imagined making love to the boy on the screen. Her breasts looked better in a bra these days; they spilled everywhere when she lay down; it made her feel flabby and awful. She pictured herself, forced back against a wall, one leg propped up, a dress pushed up to her waist and that strong dark boy with his jeans round his knees, thrusting in and out of her †¦ With a lurch in the pit of her stomach that was almost like happiness, she heard the car turning back into the drive and the beams of the headlights swung around the dark sitting room. She fumbled with the controls to turn over to the news, which took her much longer than it ought to have done; she shoved the empty wine bottle under the sofa and clutched her almost empty glass as a prop. The front door opened and closed. Miles entered the room behind her. ‘Why are you sitting here in the dark?’ He turned on a lamp and she glanced up at him. He was as well groomed as he had been when he left, except for the raindrops on the shoulders of his jacket. ‘How was dinner?’ ‘Fine,’ he said. ‘You were missed. Aubrey and Julia were sorry you couldn’t make it.’ ‘Oh, I’m sure. And I’ll bet your mother cried with disappointment.’ He sat down in an armchair at right angles to her, staring at her. She pushed her hair out of her eyes. ‘What’s this all about, Sam?’ ‘If you don’t know, Miles – ‘ But she was not sure herself; or at least, she did not know how to condense this sprawling sense of ill-usage into a coherent accusation. ‘I can’t see how me standing for the Parish Council – ‘ ‘Oh, for God’s sake, Miles!’ she shouted, and was then slightly taken aback by how loud her voice was. ‘Explain to me, please,’ he said, ‘what possible difference it can make to you?’ She glared at him, struggling to articulate it for his pedantic legal mind, which was like a fiddling pair of tweezers in the way that it seized on poor choices of word, yet so often failed to grasp the bigger picture. What could she say that he would understand? That she found Howard and Shirley’s endless talk about the council boring as hell? That he was quite tedious enough already, with his endlessly retold anecdotes about the good old days back at the rugby club and his self-congratulatory stories about work, without adding pontifications about the Fields? ‘Well, I was under the impression,’ said Samantha, in their dimly lit sitting room, ‘that we had other plans.’ ‘Like what?’ said Miles. ‘What are you talking about?’ ‘We said,’ Samantha articulated carefully over the rim of her trembling glass, ‘that once the girls were out of school, we’d go travelling. We promised each other that, remember?’ The formless rage and misery that had consumed her since Miles announced his intention to stand for the council had not once led her to mourn the year’s travelling she had missed, but at this moment it seemed to her that that was the real problem; or at least, that it came closest to expressing both the antagonism and the yearning inside her. Miles seemed completely bewildered. ‘What are you talking about?’ ‘When I got pregnant with Lexie,’ Samantha said loudly, ‘and we couldn’t go travelling, and your bloody mother made us get married in double-quick time, and your father got you a job with Edward Collins, you said, we agreed, that we’d do it when the girls were grown up; we said we’d go away and do all the things we missed out on.’ He shook his head slowly. ‘This is news to me,’ he said. ‘Where the hell has this come from?’ ‘Miles, we were in the Black Canon. I told you I was pregnant, and you said – for Christ’s sake, Miles – I told you I was pregnant, and you promised me, you promised – ‘ ‘You want a holiday?’ said Miles. ‘Is that it? You want a holiday?’ ‘No, Miles, I don’t want a bloody holiday, I want – don’t you remember? We said we’d take a year out and do it later, when the kids were grown up!’ ‘Fine, then.’ He seemed unnerved, determined to brush her aside. ‘Fine. When Libby’s eighteen; in four years’ time, we’ll talk about it again. I don’t see how me becoming a councillor affects any of this.’ ‘Well, apart from the bloody boredom of listening to you and your parents whining about the Fields for the rest of our natural lives – ‘ ‘Our natural lives?’ he smirked. ‘As opposed to – ?’ ‘Piss off,’ she spat. ‘Don’t be such a bloody smartarse, Miles, it might impress your mother – ‘ ‘Well, frankly, I still don’t see what the problem – ‘ ‘The problem,’ she shouted, ‘is that this is about our future, Miles. Our future. And I don’t want to bloody talk about it in four years’ time, I want to talk about it now!’ ‘I think you’d better eat something,’ said Miles. He got to his feet. ‘You’ve had enough to drink.’ ‘Screw you, Miles!’ ‘Sorry, if you’re going to be abusive †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He turned and walked out of the room. She barely stopped herself throwing her wine glass after him. The council: if he got on it, he would never get off; he would never renounce his seat, the chance to be a proper Pagford big shot, like Howard. He was committing himself anew to Pagford, retaking his vows to the town of his birth, to a future quite different from the one he had promised his distraught new fiancee as she sat sobbing on his bed. When had they last talked about travelling the world? She was not sure. Years and years ago, perhaps, but tonight Samantha decided that she, at least, had never changed her mind. Yes, she had always expected that some day they would pack up and leave, in search of heat and freedom, half the globe away from Pagford, Shirley, Mollison and Lowe, the rain, the pettiness and the sameness. Perhaps she had not thought of the white sands of Australia and Singapore with longing for many years, but she would rather be there, even with her heavy thighs and her stretch marks, than here, trapped in Pagford, forced to watch as Miles turned slowly into Howard. She slumped back down on the sofa, groped for the controls, and switched back to Libby’s DVD. The band, now in black and white, was walking slowly along a long empty beach, singing. The broad-shouldered boy’s shirt was flapping open in the breeze. A fine trail of hair led from his navel down into his jeans. How to cite Part Two Chapter IV, Essay examples

Tregs in Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract Tregs refer to subpopulations of T cells that play a role in suppressing the autoimmunity of diseases. They maintain self-tolerance and homeostasis of body’s immunity. Tregs inhibit the proliferation of T cells; hence, they play a role in the prevention of the autoimmunity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tregs in Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a lipopolysaccharide challenge carried out using mice models, Tregs were found to control CD4+T cells from causing hypersensitivity, which pointed to their indispensable role in the control of autoimmunity diseases. The investigation of the role of Tregs in allergies entailed in vitro experiments in which models of mouse CD4+CD25+ T cells were used. The cells were found to suppress differentiation of Th2 from CD4+ cells, which inhibited IgE. The IgE acts against antigens that cause allergies. Introduction Tregs (regula tory T cells) prevent autoimmune diseases and infections that arise from organ pathogens. The roles of Tregs in autoimmune diseases and allergies have resulted in a lot of interest. As a result, there have been many studies by clinical researchers to ascertain the functions of Tregs in the allergies and autoimmune diseases. For example, Okeke, Okwor and Uzonna (656) conducted a study to investigate the functions of Tregs. The study entailed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in which Tregs were found to prevent unregulated immune activation. In relation to the allergies, the studies investigated the effects of subsets of Tregs in influencing IgE population. The following paper investigates Tregs and their roles in the prevention of allergies and autoimmune diseases. Goals of the Study Prevention of autoimmune diseases is one of the key areas of interest in studies related to Tregs. Schmidt, Oberle and Krammer (4) noted that the function of Tregs in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance ca nnot be underestimated. Therefore, the first goal of this study is to determine the function of Tregs in the immune activation. The second goal is to determine the role of Tregs in the regulation of allergic diseases. Techniques In the study to investigate the role of Tregs in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, knock out models of murine lymphocyte gene were used. The study included the use of non-lethal dose of LPS. Mice that were SCID or RAG 1 deficient and lacked the T and B cells were investigated for the LPS susceptibility (Okeke, Okwor and Uzonna 656).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the investigation of the role of Tregs in reducing allergic sensitization, studies that included in vitro differentiation of Th2 from CD4+T cells (Robinson, Larchà © Durham 1389). Findings In the investigation of the role of Tregs in the autoimmunity, depletion of the Tregs resulte d in increased sensitivity to LPS. However, the mice that lacked T and B cells were not sensitive to LPS. The depletion of Tregs resulted in increase in CD4 (+) T cells proliferation that responded to the LPS challenge. The CD4 (+) T cells are normally pathologic. The cells exaggerated the activation of the immune system, which negatively affected the survival of LPS (Okeke, Okwor and Uzonna 659). Investigation of functions of Tregs in allergies found that models of mice CD4+CD25+T cells suppressed the differentiation of Th2 from CD4+T cells. The high levels of IgE were reduced by CD4+CD25–T cells. Transgenic mice with monoclonal populations of T cells increased the levels of IgE. In vitro experiments of models of mouse CD4+CD25+T cells suppressed the differentiation of Th2 in vitro from CD4+T cells. The monoclonal populations of T cells increased the levels of IgE. Discussion The subpopulations of T cells prevent infections induced organ pathology. Tregs act by inhibiting th e TCR Induced proliferation. In the LPS challenge, the use of the murine suppressed the T cells proliferation thus Tregs produced TGF–Î ² that controls autoimmunity. According to Okeke, Okwor and Uzonna (661), subsets of Tregs both in mice and in humans play an importance role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Tregs control the homeostasis of T cells by suppressing the proliferation of effectors T cells. The result is the increase in self-tolerance. In vivo experiments have showed that the absence of Tregs leads to autoimmune diseases such as gastritis, arthritis, and thyroiditis. IgE is produced in atopic allergic sensitization. The IgE protects the body from environmental antigens. In normal cases, the control of allergies is done by use of allergen injection immunotherapy (Robinson, Larchà © and Durham 1389). The mechanism involves the modulation of Th2 response.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tregs in Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases s pecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Palomares (1236), the subsets of Tregs share common features of Foxp3 expression and inhibit the cytokine IL-10 (TGF–Î ²). The inhibition of functional Tregs compromises the body’s response to allergies. The implication is that the Tregs prevent the responses of IgE. Thus, Tregs contribute to the early development of allergies. Conclusion Tregs enhance self-tolerance and maintain homeostasis by suppression of effectors T cells. The inhibition of the proliferation of T cells results in actions that control autoimmunity diseases. On the other hand, the inhibitory properties of Tregs reduce the population of IgE; hence, compromising body’s response to allergies. Therefore, in designing therapies for allergies, the actions of Tregs and their effects on IgE should be considered. Works Cited Okeke, Emeka, Ifeoma Okwor, and Jude Uzonna. â€Å"Regulatory T cells restrain CD4+ T cells from causing unregulated immune activation and hypersensitivity to lipopolysaccharide challenge.† The Journal of Immunology 193.2 (2014): 655- 662. Print. Palomares, Oscar. â€Å"Role of Tregs in immune regulation of allergic diseases.† European Journal of Immunology 40.5 (2010): 1232-1240. Print. Robinson, Douglas, Mark Larchà ©, and Stephen Durham. â€Å"Tregs and allergic disease.† Journal of Clinical Investigation 114.10 (2004): 1389-1391.Print. Schmidt, Angelika, Nina Oberle, and Peter Krammer. â€Å"Molecular mechanisms of Treg- mediated T cell suppression.† Frontiers in Immuneology 3.1 (2012): 2-13. Print. This essay on Tregs in Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases was written and submitted by user Annabella K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Child Sacrifice

Child sacrifice was a part of the Hebrew Bible. Whether or not you believe that the actual act of child sacrifice occurred, it is still a part of the bible and part of what created religion. In particular, in genesis 22 Abraham was instructed by God to sacrifice his son Isaac. Even though the sacrifice never occurred, the asking and willingness between God and Abraham play a major role in these religions. The three major religions that we are studying: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all agree that this event occurred. One thing that you must ask when discussing child sacrifice is how someone would willingly kill his or her child. One major consideration that you have to think of is the time period. Child sacrifice today is something that is not condoned upon. Even though many religions that people strongly believe have originated from child sacrifice. Abraham believed in a God. Abraham would do anything for â€Å"this† God that he believed in. We know this because he was going to sacrifice his son, Isaac. If not for the angel that had stopped Abraham, he would have committed the sacrifice. For this reason you have to question Abraham and you have to question God. Was God simply testing Abraham’s faith with no intention of harming Isaac, or does God support child sacrifice? To answer this you have to know if child sacrifice occurred and if God truly believed in it. This question cannot truly be answered, but people have different theories. You also have to wonder why Abraham is thought of as the father of monotheism. Is this because he was willing to follow God’s command even though his command was technically murder? In order to answer this you have to consider someone’s faith to their religion and their strong belief and faith that what God is asking them to do is for a reason and God’ s reason is correct. Without the binding of Isaac however, the three main religions could not have developed the way the... Free Essays on Child Sacrifice Free Essays on Child Sacrifice Child sacrifice was a part of the Hebrew Bible. Whether or not you believe that the actual act of child sacrifice occurred, it is still a part of the bible and part of what created religion. In particular, in genesis 22 Abraham was instructed by God to sacrifice his son Isaac. Even though the sacrifice never occurred, the asking and willingness between God and Abraham play a major role in these religions. The three major religions that we are studying: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all agree that this event occurred. One thing that you must ask when discussing child sacrifice is how someone would willingly kill his or her child. One major consideration that you have to think of is the time period. Child sacrifice today is something that is not condoned upon. Even though many religions that people strongly believe have originated from child sacrifice. Abraham believed in a God. Abraham would do anything for â€Å"this† God that he believed in. We know this because he was going to sacrifice his son, Isaac. If not for the angel that had stopped Abraham, he would have committed the sacrifice. For this reason you have to question Abraham and you have to question God. Was God simply testing Abraham’s faith with no intention of harming Isaac, or does God support child sacrifice? To answer this you have to know if child sacrifice occurred and if God truly believed in it. This question cannot truly be answered, but people have different theories. You also have to wonder why Abraham is thought of as the father of monotheism. Is this because he was willing to follow God’s command even though his command was technically murder? In order to answer this you have to consider someone’s faith to their religion and their strong belief and faith that what God is asking them to do is for a reason and God’ s reason is correct. Without the binding of Isaac however, the three main religions could not have developed the way the...

The Tragic and Shocking Assassination of JFK

The Tragic and Shocking Assassination of JFK On November 22, 1963, the youth and idealism of America in the 1960s faltered as its young President, John F. Kennedy, was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. Two days later, Oswald was shot and killed by Jack Ruby during a prisoner transfer. After researching all the available evidence about Kennedy’s assassination, the Warren Commission officially ruled in 1964 that Oswald acted alone; a point still greatly contested by conspiracy theorists worldwide. Plans for the Texas Tour John F. Kennedy was elected to the presidency in 1960. A member of an illustrious political family from Massachusetts, the World War II  naval veteran Kennedy and his young wife, Jacqueline (â€Å"Jackie†), charmed their way into the hearts of America. The couple and their beautiful young children, three-year-old Caroline and infant John Jr., quickly became favorites of every media outlet across the United States. Despite a somewhat turbulent three years in office, by 1963 Kennedy was still popular and thinking about running for a second term. Although he had not officially announced his decision to run again, Kennedy planned a tour that resembled the beginnings of another campaign. Since Kennedy and his advisers were aware that Texas was a state where a win would provide crucial electoral votes, plans were made for Kennedy and Jackie to visit the state that falls, with stops planned for San Antonio, Houston, Fort Worth, Dallas, and Austin. It would be Jackie’s first major foray back into public life after the loss of her infant son, Patrick, in August. Arrival in Texas The Kennedy’s left Washington, D.C. on November 21, 1963. Their first stop that day was in San Antonio, where they were met by a welcoming committee led by Vice President and Texan Lyndon B. Johnson. After attending the dedication of a new aerospace medical center at the Brooks Air Force Base, the President and his wife continued on to Houston where he delivered an address to a Latin American organization and attended a dinner for Congressman Albert Thomas. That night, they stayed in Fort Worth. The Fateful Day in Dallas Begins The following morning, after addressing the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, President Kennedy and First Lady Jackie Kennedy boarded a plane for a brief flight to Dallas. Their stay in Fort Worth was not without incident; several of Kennedys Secret Service entourage were spotted drinking in two establishments during his stay there. No immediate action was taken against the offenders but the issue would arise later in the Warren Commission investigation of Kennedy’s stay in Texas. The Kennedys arrived in Dallas just before noon on November 22 with approximately 30 members of the Secret Service accompanying them. The plane landed at Love Field, which would later serve as the site of Johnson’s swearing-in ceremony. They were met there by a convertible 1961 Lincoln Continental limousine that was to take them on a ten-mile parade route within the city of Dallas, ending at the Trade Mart, where Kennedy was scheduled to deliver a luncheon address. The car was driven by Secret Service agent William Greer. Texas Governor John Connally and his wife also accompanied the Kennedys in the vehicle. The Assassination Thousands of people lined the parade route hoping for a glance at President Kennedy and his beautiful wife. Just before 12:30 p.m., the presidential motorcade turned right from Main Street onto Houston Street and entered Dealey Plaza. The presidential limousine then turned left onto Elm Street. After passing the Texas School Book Depository, which was situated at the corner of Houston and Elm, shots suddenly rang out. One shot hit President Kennedy’s throat and he reached up with both hands toward the injury. Then another shot struck President Kennedy’s head, blowing off a part of his skull. Jackie Kennedy leapt from her seat and started scrambling for the back of the car. Governor Connally was also struck in the back and chest (he would survive his wounds). As the assassination scene was unfolding, Secret Service agent Clint Hill jumped from the car following the presidential limousine and ran up to the Kennedys’ car. He then jumped onto the back of the Lincoln Continental in an attempt to shield the Kennedys from the would-be assassin. He arrived too late. Hill, however, was able to help Jackie Kennedy. Hill pushed Jackie back into her seat and stayed with her the rest of the day. Jackie then cradled Kennedy’s head in her lap all the way to the hospital. The President Is Dead As the driver of the limousine realized what had occurred, he immediately left the parade route and sped toward Parkland Memorial Hospital. They arrived at the hospital within five minutes of the shooting. Kennedy was placed on a stretcher and wheeled into trauma room 1. It is believed that Kennedy was still alive when he arrived at the hospital, but barely. Connally was taken to trauma room 2. Doctors made every attempt to save Kennedy but it was quickly determined that his wounds were too severe. Catholic priest Father Oscar L. Huber administered last rites and then chief neurologist Dr. William Kemp Clark pronounced Kennedy dead at 1 p.m. An announcement was made at 1:30 p.m. that President Kennedy had died from his wounds. The entire nation came to a standstill. Parishioners flocked to churches where they prayed and school children were sent home to mourn with their families. Even 50 years later, nearly every American who was alive that day can remember where they were when they heard the announcement that Kennedy was dead. The President’s body was transported to Love Field via a 1964 Cadillac hearse supplied by Dallas’ O’Neill funeral home. The funeral home also supplied the casket that was used to transport Kennedy’s body. When the casket arrived at the airport, the President was loaded onto Air Force One for transport back to Washington, D.C. Johnson’s Swearing In At 2:30 p.m., just prior to Air Force One leaving for Washington, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson took the oath of office in the conference room of the plane. Jackie Kennedy, still wearing her blood-splattered pink dress, stood at his side as U.S. District Court Judge Sarah Hughes administered the oath. During this ceremony, Johnson officially became the 36th President of the United States. This inauguration would be historical for many reasons, including the fact that it was the first time the oath of office was administered by a woman and the only time it occurred on an airplane. It was also notable for the fact that there was not a Bible readily available for Johnson to utilize during the swearing in, so instead a Roman Catholic missal was utilized. (Kennedy had kept the missal on Air Force One.) Lee Harvey Oswald Although the Dallas police closed down the Texas School Book Depository within minutes of the shooting, a suspect was not immediately located. Approximately 45 minutes later, at 1:15 p.m., a report was received that a Dallas patrolman, J.D. Tippit, had been shot. Police were suspicious that the shooter might be the same in both incidents and quickly closed in on the reported suspect who had taken refuge in the Texas Theater. At 1:50 p.m., police surrounded Lee Harvey Oswald; Oswald pulled a gun on them, but the police successfully arrested him. Oswald was a former Marine who was identified as having ties to both communist Russia and Cuba. At one point, Oswald traveled to Russia with hopes of establishing himself there; however, the Russian government believed him to be unstable and sent him back. Oswald had then attempted to go to Cuba but failed to get a visa through the Mexican government. In October 1963, he returned to Dallas and procured a job at the Texas School Book Depository through a friend of his wife, Marina. With his job at the book depository, Oswald had access to the eastern-most sixth floor window where he is believed to have created his sniper’s nest. After shooting Kennedy, he hid the Italian-made rifle that was identified as the murder weapon in a stack of boxes where it was later discovered by police. Oswald was then seen in the depository’s second-floor lunchroom approximately a minute and a half after the shooting. By the time police sealed off the building shortly after the assassination, Oswald had already exited the building. Oswald was captured in the theater, arrested, and charged with the murders of President John F. Kennedy and patrolman J.D. Tippit. Jack Ruby On Sunday morning, November 24, 1963 (just two days after JFK’s assassination), Oswald was in the process of being moved from the Dallas Police Headquarters to the county jail. At 11:21 a.m., as Oswald was being led through the basement of police headquarters for the transfer, Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald in front of live television news cameras. Ruby’s initial reasons for shooting Oswald were because he was distraught over Kennedy’s death and he wanted to spare Jackie Kennedy the difficulty of enduring Oswald’s trial. Ruby was convicted of killing Oswald in March 1964 and given the death sentence; however, he died of lung cancer in 1967 before an upcoming re-trial could occur. Kennedy’s Arrival in Washington D.C. After Air Force One landed at Andrews Air Force Base just outside of Washington D.C. on the evening of November 22, 1963, Kennedy’s body was taken via automobile to the Bethesda Naval Hospital for an autopsy. The autopsy found two wounds to the head and one to the neck. In 1978, the published findings of the congressional House Select Committee on Assassinations revealed that JFK’s brain had gone missing at some point during the autopsy. After the autopsy was completed, Kennedy’s body, still at the Bethesda Hospital, was prepared for burial by a local funeral home, which also replaced the original casket that had been damaged during transfer. Kennedy’s body was then transported to the East Room of the White House, where it remained until the following day. At Jackie’s request, Kennedy’s body was accompanied by two Catholic priests during this time. An honor guard was also stationed with the late President. On Sunday afternoon, November 24, 1963, Kennedy’s flag-draped casket was loaded onto a caisson, or gun wagon, for transfer to the Capitol rotunda. The caisson was pulled by six grey horses and had previously been used to carry the body of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was followed by a riderless black horse with reversed boots placed into the stirrups to symbolize the fallen President. The Funeral The first Democrat to lie in state at the Capitol, Kennedy’s body remained there for 21 hours. Nearly 250,000 mourners came to pay their final respects; some waited up to ten hours in line to do so, despite the cold temperatures in Washington that November. The viewing was supposed to end at 9 p.m.; however, a decision was made to leave the Capitol open overnight to accommodate the throngs of people who arrived at the Capitol. On Monday, November 25, Kennedy’s coffin was taken from the Capitol to St. Matthew’s Cathedral, where dignitaries from over 100 countries attended Kennedy’s state funeral. Millions of Americans stopped their daily routines to watch the funeral on television. After the service concluded, the coffin began its final procession from the church to Arlington Cemetery. Black Jack, a riderless horse with polished boots turned backward in its stirrups, followed the caisson. The horse represented a warrior fallen in battle or a leader who would lead his people no longer. Jackie had her two little children with her and as they exited the church, three-year-old John Jr. stopped for a moment and raised his hand to his forehead in a childish salute. It was one of the most heart-wrenching images of the day. Kennedy’s remains were then buried at Arlington Cemetery, after which Jackie and the President’s brothers, Robert and Edward, lit an eternal flame. The Warren Commission With Lee Harvey Oswald dead, there remained many unanswered questions about the reasons for and the circumstances surrounding John F. Kennedy’s assassination. To answer these questions, President Lyndon Johnson issued Executive Order No. 11130, which established an investigatory commission that was officially called the â€Å"President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy.† The commission was led by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Earl Warren; as a result, it is commonly referred to as the Warren Commission. For the remainder of 1963 and most of 1964, the Warren Commission intensively researched all that had been discovered about JFK’s assassination and Oswald’s assassination. They carefully examined every aspect of the case, visited Dallas to examine the scene, requested further investigations if facts seemed uncertain, and poured over the transcripts of literally thousands of interviews. Plus, the Commission conducted a series of hearings where they heard testimony themselves. After nearly a year of investigating, the Commission notified President Johnson of their findings on September 24, 1964. The Commission issued these findings in a report that ran 888 pages. The Warren Commission found: Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin and conspirator in the death of President John F. Kennedy.A single bullet caused non-fatal wounds to both Kennedy and Connelly. A second bullet caused Kennedy’s fatal head wound.Jack Ruby acted alone in his assassination of Oswald and did not conspire with anyone to commit this act. The final report was highly controversial and has been questioned by conspiracy theorists through the years. It was briefly revisited by the House Select Committee on Assassinations in 1976, which ultimately upheld the major findings of the Warren Commission.

Assignment 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

3 - Assignment Example enge the system include less available time between the demand peak and harvesting times of dried fruits, scheduling and planning of production and distribution of fruits, transportation costs, and order lead time. All of these issues act as major constraints for the supply chain management of Sunsweet Growers. As the result of the above-mentioned problems in the supply chain system, the company encountered some problems. For example, the company was finding it difficult to process the fruits very quickly in order to make them available in markets when required. Usually, the demand increases during the occasions of Christmas and Easter and the harvesting time is very close to these months, particularly, the month of Christmas. Therefore, the company had to pay extra money to its workers in order to get work done on time considering the closeness of the production and demand peak dates. Secondly, as the company produces fruits for nearly one-third of the markets all over the world, packaging the fruits in 20 different languages was another complex process. Moreover, as the company needs to distribute the products to different countries, scheduling and planning the production and distribution according to the need and demand of the foreign markets was another problem that the company encount ers as the result of supply chain issues. The above-mentioned problems can have a negative impact on the business of any company but Sumsweet Growers is a professional and specialized company in the field of dried fruits production, therefore, the impact of these issues is not that much off-putting for the company as it could have been for other companies in this field. However, added up costs for production, distribution, and transportation were still the issues for the company because they directly affect the annual revenues of any company. Therefore, the company needed to come up with some proper solution to address these issues properly. As an effort to address the supply

Enron Corporation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enron Corporation - Article Example This proved to be a blatant violation of the accounting rules and eventually led to the mess that resulted in the bankruptcy of Enron and criminal prosecution of several Enron employees. Secondly, Mr. Kenneth Lay held a great deal of responsibility because he spearheaded the overstatement of Enron's income for four years prior to the bankruptcy. This effectively and efficiently led to his conviction for securities fraud, wire fraud and making false and misleading statements. Thirdly, Mr. David Duncan held some of the responsibility because he was aware that there were violations with regards to the rules of bookkeeping and was bounded by the ethics of his profession to report such violations. By not doing this, he was responsible to some degree for the final collapse of Enron. Fourthly, the accounting firm of Arthur Andersen held the responsibility because they were hired as auditors to ensure that the accounting rules were being followed. At any point during the audit, they could ha ve reported the misdoings of the Enron officials. Finally, the stock analysts held some blame because they continued to recommend Enron stocks even after the value of shares in the Enron Corporation fall drastically in late 2001. 2.

Independent Man :: essays papers

Independent Man1 Growing up in a dysfunctional family is a hard thing for a child to endure. As a child my classmates and I lived average lives. On occasion I would hear stories, from friends at school, how "dysfunctional" their families were. It was not until my sophomore year of high school that I had a friend that was from a dysfunctional family. Through my best friend I learned that growing up in a dysfunctional family builds a child’s personality in numerous positive ways. I saw, in James Smith, that being raised in a dysfunctional family made him an independent man. James was born and raised in Houston, Texas. At a young age James’ parents divorced. Due to the divorce James has two younger half brothers. One from each biological parent and their second spouse. The older of the two brothers is 16 and serving time in a state correctional facility for boys because of burglary charges. The younger of the two is about 9 years old and lives with James’ estranged ex-stepmother. James’ biological father is very ill with the HIV virus and James is unsure of his health or where he currently lives. James worries if his father is well or even still alive. His mother and stepfather, whom he lived with until he was 12, are currently trying to kick their heroine addiction. Throughout the 20 years of James’ life he has lived with multiple family members and a friend, which is I. He currently, has a two-bedroom apartment, in a very exclusive area of Houston, with a co-worker. James has been working at Compaq Computer Corp. for almost a year. He works 40 to 48 hour weeks as a computer technician earning $14.50 due to his vast knowledge in the computer field. James is a very unique person. He is 5’5 and weights about 150 lbs. making him slightly stout. His jolly round face is set on his manila colored skin. While accompanied by hair, as brown as the wet sand on a beach, cut in a military style. However when it gets long it curls and resembles a shaggy dog. The whites of his mocha brown eyes have a blue tint to them as a result of James having Osteoporosis. A past leg injury has left him with a slight stagger when he jogs or runs. When he walks he always seems to keep his hand right at his sides.

Bba 8th Sem Report Purbanchal University

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background An internship is the period of supervision training required for qualifying for a profession. It follows a specified number of academic creditor and classroom years. An internship program is an educational plan which combines classroom theoretical knowledge and practical work experience in industrial, business, or government work situations. These help students to have opportunity to signify academic theories and principles to action, to test out career interests and to develop skills and abilities through carefully planned and supervised programs related to the career of their choice.Internship is a practical section of the BBA course required to be done by each and every BBA students. Internship is an applied form of knowledge which we have learnt in BBA till 8th Semester. Internship is just like a training section in which we get familiar with the corporate culture and gain practicability in our lifestyle. Hence, it is the way through which we can achieve our career objective. With its ultimate objective of educating students for professional pursuits in business, industry and government the Faculty of Management (FoM), TU has been continuously putting efforts towards providing quality education to the people.Furthermore, FoM has been contributing to increase the knowledge and understanding of business and public administration by offering various programs that best concede in achieving the objectives. Bachelor in Business Administration (BBA) is one of the programs offered by FoM with a view to fulfill the gap of Middle Level Managers in the job market with competent, practically able, socially responsive, creative and result-oriented management professionals.In its process of developing such professionals, BBA requires the students to gain an eight weeks experience as an intern that is expected to blend the theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom with the real work environment. This report is the result of the requirement which includes the study based on the knowledge and experience acquired at PRIME BANK as an intern. The report tries to focus on the accounting procedure at the bank along with other relevant information. 1. 2 Objectives of the ReportAn internship program is organized with a main objective to provide student an opportunity to be familiarize with organization activities and environment. Further it also provides us with an opportunity for developing managerial skills by working in the organization. It is to evaluate and compare the theoretical aspect with the practical life, with also to identify the problem and their underlying causes with complying developing capabilities to evaluate potential solutions that optimize organizations Strength, Weakness, Potential Opportunities and competitive Threats.It also helps to develop strategic skills in student which helps to reduce the risk and weakness, and to hub opportunities and strength. 1. 3 Methodology: 1. 3. 1 Organization Selection Being the student of finance it was necessary for me to analyze the activities of financial sector, specially banking sector. For organization selection my college helped me to assessed the banking organizations. With the help of college I finally get a chance to do internship in Laxmi Bank Limited.Accordingly, I dropped Personal Application and College Recommendation Letter with CV (Curriculum Vitae) in the PCBLafter; I followed up regularly with human resource manager till I was appointed for the internship. Finally, I was appointed on June at PCBL on CSD. 1. 3. 2. Placement During the internship period of eight weeks I was placed Customer Service Department (CSD),. The internship was really informative and beneficial. I would really like to thank the Human Resource (HR) department for my placement in the departments. 1. 3. 3.Duration of Internship The bank granted me the internship period of eight weeks starting from Jestha 20, 2068 B. S to Shrawan 13, 2067. In this pe riod I got an opportunity to be a part of various departments and work there. 1. 3. 4 Activities carried out During 8 weeks of internship, I was allocated at New baneshwor branch of PCBL. The more important function used in computer for performing daily banking transactions and setting up accounts is Pumori Plus software and the software helps to perform all the activities of various department as required.PCBL, one of the major financial intermediaries whose primary function is to transfer of monetary resources from the savers to the users. This section includes the study based on the internship period and the various tasks performed during the stay in bank. During these 8 weeks, I was placed in Customer Service Department, Remittance and Cheque Clearing Department. The activities I performed in the organization, during my internship on the basis of the departments are as follows:- Customer service department in there the various activities perform were:-It is very crucial departme nt where numbers of customers make face-to-face interaction with the staff of PCBL. Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after purchase. Customer service department is one of the busiest as well as the major department of bank where the interaction of the customer is the most. * Opening new account for the customers visiting the bank. * Account Reactivation. * Closing of account * Informing about the banks product to the customer. * Suggesting type of product and services suited to customer. * Printing balance statement for the customers. Providing Balance Certificate to customer. * Preparing and issue cheque books for the customers and maintain record. * Informing the customers about the different department in the bank and respective function * Signature change Request. * Block, Refresh and Reissue new ATM-debit card after verification. * Reissue of pin. * Renew of fixed deposit. * Filling of KYC form. * Stop Payment for wrongly issued chequ e, as per request of Account holder. * Locker register, in and out time. * Making Daily Report and weekly report, regarding A/C open and A/c close. Recording Petty cash expenses and summit quarterly report. * Receiving and make call and Transfer the call. * File transfer and Management i. Cheque book request slips ii. Balance certificate photocopy and its issuance request application. iii. Account statement request applications. iv. Account Opening forms after completion. v. Visa debit card application forms, sms banking, E-banking and vi. Other incoming letters. * Keeping record of transaction (while distributing cheque book, Debit Card, A/C opening, statement printing, locker, Balance certificate etc). Updating information whenever necessaryOthers * Photocopying * Faxing * Make a call * Scanning 1. 4 Limitations of the Study * Time and resources constraints are other limitations of the study. * Since the internship period was limited to only 8 weeks, it was not possible to have in depth and detail study of all the activities of all departments. * The banking sector is the most competitive sector. So intern was made familiar with only the routine work of bank and was not made familiar to the core information of the bank. * The bank’s staffs were highly occupied by their work so they had very little time to interact with the intern. As internship period falls under the month of Assad during the closing time of banking sector so the bank’s staffs were highly occupied by their workloads so they had very little time to interact and monitor the interns. * The financial data of current fiscal year 2067/68 couldn’t be collected as the auditing process was not completed. * This report is mainly based on my personal individual experience and knowledge gained during internship period and theoretical knowledge gained from course study so lacking of technical terminology and its right use may seems to be missing.In spite of all those limitation, I ha ve tried my level best to gain adequate knowledge of banking and corporate culture and sincerely perform the task given by the supervisor and the staffs. The whole experience was an exciting challenge as well as excellent learning opportunity . CHAPTER -TWO INTRODUCTION OF THE INDUSTRY 2. 1 Meaning of bank An establishment authorized by the government to accept deposit , pay interest ,clear checks, make loans , act as an intermediary in financial transaction and provide other financial services to its customers.Bank is a financial institution, which deals with the money, receiving money as deposit from customer; honouring customer’s drawing against such deposits on demand, collection of cheques for customers and lending or investing surplus deposits until they are required for repayment. In present days, various types of Banks are established with various different product and purposes and targets such as Industrial Bank, commercial Bank, Agriculture Bank, Joint stock Bank, C o-operatives Bank and Development Bank etc. Modern Banks are more advanced than the ancient one.This is due to increased population and development resulting changes in industrial field and trade, increase in competition, changes in people’s ideology and due to increased inter relation and dependence with each other. It is generally said that the word â€Å"BANK† has been originated in Italy. In the middle of 12th century there was a great financial crisis in Italy due to war. To meet the war expenses, the government of that period a forced subscribed  loan  on citizens of the country at the interest of 5% per annum.Such loans were known as ‘Compare', ‘minto' etc. The most common name was â€Å"Monte'. In Germany the word ‘Monte was named as ‘Bank' or ‘Banke'. According to some writers, the word ‘Bank' has been derived from the word bank. It is also said that the word ‘bank' has been derived from the word ‘Banco' whi ch means a banch. The Jews money lenders in Italy used to transact their business sitting on banches at different market places. When any of them used to fail to meet his obligations, his ‘Banco' or banch or banch would be broken by the angry creditors.The word ‘Bankrupt' seems to be originated from broken Banco. Since, the banking system has been originated from money leading business; it is rightly argued that the word ‘Bank' has been originated from the word â€Å"Banco'. Today the word bank is used as a comprehensive term for a number of institutions carrying on certain kinds of financial business. In practice, the word ‘Bank' means which borrows money from one class of people and again lends money to another class of people for interest or profit 2. 2 Evolution of Banking IndustryThe first  banks   were the  merchants of ancient world that made  loans   to farmers and traders that carried goods between cities. The first records of such activit y dates back to around 2000 BC in  Assyria and  Babylonia Later in  ancient Greece and during the  Roman Empire lenders based in temples would make loans but also added two important innovations; accepted deposits and changing money. During this period there is similar evidence of the independent development of lending of money in  ancient China  and separately in  ancient India.Banking in the modern sense of the word can be traced to medieval and early  Renaissance  Italy, to the rich cities in the north like  Florence,  Venice and  Genoa. The  Bardi  and  Peruzzi families dominated banking in 14th century Florence, establishing branches in many other parts of  Europe. Perhaps the most famous Italian bank was the  Medici  bank, set up by Giovanni Medici in 1397. The development of banking spread through Europe and a number of important innovations took place in Amsterdam during the  Dutch Republic in the 16th century and in London in the 17th c entury.During the 20th century developments in telecommunications and computing resulting in major changes to way banks operated and allowing they dramatically increase in size and geographic spread. The  Late-2000s financial crisis  saw significant number of bank failures, including some of the world's largest banks and much debate about  bank regulation. As a public enterprise, banking made its first beginning around the middle of the twelfth century in Italy and the Bank of Venice, founded in 1157 was the first the public banking institution.Following it were established the Bank of Barcelona and the Bank of Genoa in 1401 and 1407 respectively. The bank of Venice and the Bank of Genoa continued to operate until the end of eighteen century. With the expansion of commercial activities in Northern Europe there sprang up a number of private banking houses in Europe and slowly it spread throughout the world. In Nepal, modern banking starts with the establishment of Nepal Bank Li mited. 2. 3 Development of Banking Industry in Nepal The history of modern financial system of Nepal was begun in 1937 with the establishment of the Nepal Bank Ltd. NBL) as the first commercial bank of Nepal with the joint ownership of government and general public. As mentioned above, Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) was established after 19 years since the establishment of the first commercial bank ( i. e. ,NBL). After the establishment of NRB, Nepal witnessed a systematic development of the financial system. After the restoration of democracy in 1991, Nepal has clearly been following a liberalized economic policy and witnessing diversification in financial system. As a result, various banking and non-banking financial institutions have come into existence.As of mid-July 2002, there are 16 Commercial Banks, 16 Development Banks, 5 Regional Rural Development Banks, 54 Finance Companies, 34 Saving and Credit Cooperatives and 25 Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) operating in the country. Nepal's first commercial bank, the Nepal Bank Limited, was established in 1937. The government owned 51 percent of the shares in the bank and controlled its operations to a large extent. Nepal Bank Limited was headquartered in Kathmandu and had branches in other parts of the country. There were other government banking institutions.Rastriya Banijya Bank (National Commercial Bank), a state-owned commercial bank, was established in 1966. The Land Reform Savings Corporation was established in 1966 to deal with finances related to land reforms. There were two other specialized financial institutions. Nepal Industrial Development Corporation, a state-owned development finance organization headquartered in Kathmandu, was established in 1959 with United States assistance to offer financial and technical assistance to private industry. Although the government invested in the corporation, representatives from the private business sector also sat on the board of directors.The Co-operative Ban k, which became the Agricultural Development Bank in 1967, was the main source of financing for small agribusinesses and cooperatives. Almost 75 percent of the bank was state-owned; 21 percent was owned by the Nepal Rastra Bank, and 5 percent by cooperatives and private individuals. The Agricultural Development Bank also served as the government's implementing agency for small farmers' group development projects assisted by the Asian Development Bank and financed by the United Nations Development Programme.The Ministry of Finance reported in 1990 that the Agricultural Development Bank, which is vested with the leading role in agricultural loan investment, had granted loans to only 9 percent of the total number of farming families since 1965. Since the 1960s, both commercial and specialized banks have expanded. More businesses and households had better access to the credit market although the credit market had not expanded. In the mid-1980s, three foreign commercial banks opened bran ches in Nepal.The Nepal Arab Bank was co-owned by the Emirates Bank International Limited (Dubai), the Nepalese government, and the Nepalese public. The Nepal Indosuez Bank was jointly owned by the French Banque Indosuez, Rastriya Banijya Bank, Rastriya Beema Sansthan (National Insurance Corporation), and the Nepalese public. Nepal Grindlays Bank was co-owned by a British firm called Grindlays Bank, local financial interests, and the Nepalese public. Nepal Rastra Bank was created in 1956 as the central bank. Its function was to supervise commercial banks and to guide the basic monetary policy of the nation.Its major aims were to regulate the issue of paper money; secure countrywide circulation of Nepalese currency and achieve stability in its exchange rates; mobilize capital for economic development and for trade and industry growth; develop the banking system in the country, thereby ensuring the existence of banking facilities; and maintain the economic interests of the general pub lic. Nepal Rastra Bank also was to oversee foreign exchange rates and foreign exchange reserves. Prior to the establishment of Nepal Rastra Bank, Kathmandu had little control over its foreign currency holdings.Indian rupees were the prevalent medium of exchange in most parts of the country. Nepalese currency was used mostly in the Kathmandu Valley and the surrounding hill areas. The existence of a dual currency system made it hard for the government to know the status of Indian currency holdings in Nepal. The exchange rates between Indian and Nepalese rupees were determined in the marketplace. Between 1932 and 1955, the value of 100 Indian rupees varied between Rs71 and Rs177. The government entered the currency market with a form of fixed exchange rate between the two currencies in 1958.An act passed in 1960 sought to regulate foreign exchange transactions. Beginning in the 1960s, the government made special efforts to use Nepalese currency inside the country as a medium of exchang e. It was only after the signing of the 1960 Trade and Transit Treaty with India that Nepal had full access to foreign currencies other than the Indian rupee. Prior to the treaty, all foreign exchange earnings went to the Central Bank of India, and all foreign currency needs were provided by the Indian government.After 1960 Nepal had full access to all foreign currency transactions and directly controlled its exports and imports with countries other than India. As a result of the treaty, the government had to separate Indian currency (convertible currency because of free convertibility) from other currencies (nonconvertible currency because it was directly controlled by Nepal Rastra Bank). In 1991 government statistics still separated trade with India from trade with other countries. Tables showing international reserves listed convertible and nonconvertible foreign exchange reserves separately. 2. Commercial bank at a glance Commercial banks are financial intermediaries that raise funds through demand and time deposits as well as from other sources, such as federal funds purchases and security repurchase agreements, funds from parent companies, and borrowing from other lending institutions (for example, the Federal Home Loan Banks). They use the funds to make loans, primarily to businesses and individuals, and to invest in securities. In context of Nepal the first commercial bank â€Å"Nepal Bank limited† was established in 1937 A. D. and second â€Å"Rastriya Banijya Bank† was established in 1966 A. D.Nepal has opened its door to foreign commercial banks in the kingdom almost a decade back. As the country followed economic liberalization, there was massive entrance of foreign banks in Nepal. Consequently Nepal Arab Bank was established in 1985 A. D. similarly the Nepal Indosuez Bank was established as joint venture between Nepal and France in 1986 A. D. , the legitimate entry of foreign commercial banks with full-fledged banking function led to rapid growth of banking system. After 1990 economic liberalization policy obtained by the government, now there are 33 commercial banks operating banking activities in Nepal.Latest commercial bank is Century Bank limited. The commercial banks expanded only since the 19th century. The industrial revolution of the 18th century opened the vast scope for the development of commercial banking in the last century. In the 20th century, banking institution became highly specialized and sophisticated especially in advanced countries like USA, UK and other countries. Commercial banks deal with activities of trade, commerce, industry and agriculture that seek regular financial and other help from banks for growing Table no. 1 List of Commercial Banks in Nepal S. No. Names| Operation Date (A. D. )| Head Office| Paid up Capital (Rs. In Millions)| 1| Nepal Bank Ltd. | 1937/11/15| Kathmandu| 3804| 2| Rastriya Banijya Bank Ltd. | 1966/01/23| Kathmandu| 3853| 3| Agriculture Development Bank Ltd. | 1968/01/02| Kathmandu| 94375| 4| Nabil Bank Ltd. | 1984/07/16| Kathmandu| 20298| 5| Nepal Investment Bank Ltd. | 1986/02/27| Kathmandu| 24091| 6| Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Ltd. | 1987/01/30| Kathmandu| 16102| 7| Himalayan Bank Ltd. | 1993/01/18| Kathmandu| 20000| 8| Nepal SBI Bank Ltd. | 1993/07/07| Kathmandu| 18639| 9| Nepal Bangladesh Bank Ltd. 1994/06/05| Kathmandu| 20103| 10| Everest Bank Ltd. | 1994/10/18| Kathmandu| 11196| 11| Bank of Kathmandu Ltd. | 1995/03/12| Kathmandu| 13595| 12| Nepal Credit and Commerce Bank Ltd. | 1996/10/14| Siddharthanagar, Rupandehi| 13997| 13| Lumbini Bank Ltd. | 1998/07/17| Narayangadh,Chitawan| 13000| 14| Nepal Industrial ; Commercial Bank Ltd. | 1998/07/21| Biaratnagar,Morang| 13116| 15| Machhapuchhre Bank Ltd. | 2000/10/03| Pokhara, Kaski| 16272| 16| Kumari Bank Ltd. | 2001/04/03| Kathmandu| 14850| 17| Laxmi Bank Ltd. | 2002/04/03| Birgunj, Parsa| 16140| 18| Siddhartha Bank Ltd. 2002/12/24| Kathmandu| 15610| 19| Global Bank Ltd. | 2007/01/0 2| Birgunj, Parsa| 15000| 20| Citizens Bank International Ltd. | 2007/06/21| Kathmandu| 19223| 21| Prime Commercial Bank Ltd| 2007/09/24| Kathmandu| 22457| 22| Sunrise Bank Ltd. | 2007/10/12| Kathmandu| 18554| 23| Bank of Asia Nepal Ltd. | 2007/10/12| Kathmandu| 15175| 24| DCBL   Bank Ltd. | 2008/05/25| Kamaladi, Kathmandu| 19209| 25| NMB Bank Ltd. | 2008/06/05| Babarmahal, Kathmandu| 16517| 26| Kist   Bank Ltd. | 2009/05/07| Anamnagar, Kathmandu| 20000| 27| Janata Bank Nepal Ltd. | 2010/04/05| New Baneshwor, Kathmandu| 14000| 28| Mega Bank Nepal Ltd. 2010/07/23| Kantipath, Kathmandu| 16310| 29| Commerz ; Trust Bank Nepal Ltd. | 2010/09/20| Kamaladi, Kathmandu| 14000| 30| Civil Bank ltd. | 2010/10/24| Kathmandu| 12000| 31| Century commercial Bank Ltd. | 2011/01/23| Kathmandu| 10800| Source: www. nrb. org. np 2. 5 Present Scenario of Banking Sector in Nepal There is tremendous growth in the number of financial institution in Nepal in the last two decades. At the beginning of 1980 s when financial sector was not liberalized, there were only few commercial banks and development banks performing baking activities in Nepal.There were few micro-credit development banks, finance companies, co-operatives and NGOs with limited banking transactions. After the liberalization of the financial sector, there has been a hallmark progress both in terms of the number of financial institutions and beneficiaries of financial services. Nowadays, there are 29 commercial banks operating in Nepal. On the other hand, a lot of financial cooperatives are also operating. With the increasing number of commercial banks, competition among themselves has also become more complex. In today’s dynamic environment, the commercial banks are trying to introduce nd establish themselves differently from other banks by providing special services and attractive schemes to its customers. Besides commercial banks, development banks are also improving their performance in Nepalese banking indu stry and they also play an important role in the growth of country’s economic position. CHAPTER -THREE INTRODUCTION TO PCBL 3. 1 Background Prime Commercial Bank Ltd. was incorporated in September 2007 as the 21st commercial bank in Nepal. We are a Category ‘A’ Financial Institution registered under the â€Å"Banks and Financial Institutions Act† of Nepal.It has been established by prominent business personnel and professionals from diversified areas with a prime objective of providing ‘Banking Services to Everyone' in the country where still large number of population are deprived of Banking Services. The Bank has in total 389 promoters holding 70% shares of the Bank. Prime Commercial Business Ltd has been established by prominent business personal and professional from diversified areas with a prime objective of providing â€Å"Banking service to everyone† in the country where still large number of population are deprived of Banking services .Grand opening was done by honorable finance Minister Dr. Ram Sharan Mahat on 28th September 2007. Its Head Office (HO) is situated at New Road, Bira Complex, and Kathmandu. The bank has established itself as an emerging player in financial sector with focus in customer service excellence maintaining excellent relationship with valued customers. It is counted among the top 10 commercial banks in Nepal by independent raters and publications in the country. The Bank’s shares are listed and actively traded in the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).With the concept of â€Å"Banking service to everyone†, PCBL has entered into banking business as the 21st Commercial Bank in the country. The bank has 24 branches and has introduced its first ATM facility at Bira complex, New Road (HO) to give 24 hours 365 days banking services to their valve customers. Top exporters and Importers of the country have established banking relationship with the bank with a substantial volume of foreign business which has substance the bank’s popularity in the international trade front.With the concept of â€Å"Banking service to everyone†, PCBL has entered into banking business as the 21st Commercial Bank in the country. The bank has 24 branches and has introduced its first ATM facility at Bira complex, New Road (HO) to give 24 hours 365 days banking services to their valve customers. Top exporters and Importers of the country have established banking relationship with the bank with a substantial volume of foreign business which has substance the bank’s popularity in the international trade front. 3. 2 MISSION/PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES/GOAL OF THE COMPANYOver the past 4 years, PCBL have been able to acquire a large customers base enabling to capture the market. This has been possible via continuous effort over the years to provide the facilities and best to the customers. The bank will endeavor to establish itself as technology savvy and customer friendly and try to maintain good relationship with its customers. PCBL gives the innovative approach that edge over any other banks when it comes to introducing modern banking products and services into the banking sector. The following are the objectives that PCBL has:- * To cater to all customer’s requirements. Promotion of national economy, society; individual enhancing the market share. * Mobilizing capital in important areas. * Ensure everyone with positive attitude towards customers needs and strong mutual relationship. * Providing international quality banking services to the corporate. * Providing complete financial solutions to customer and promising growth opportunities to employers. * To provide/ quality services and competitive prancing focus. * To collect spread throughout Nepal and channelize it into different productive development project. * Aims at rendering banking services to various sectors likes SMEs etc . 3 Capital Structure Prime Commercial Bank has been established by pr ominent business personnel and professionals from diversified areas with a prime objective of providing Banking Service to Everyone in the country where still large number of population are deprived of Banking Service. The bank will endeavor to establish itself as technology savvy and customer friendly and try to maintain good relationship with its customers. The bank has been established with following capital. Authorized capital | : NPR 300 crores| Issued capital | : NPR 150 crores| Paid up capital| : NPR 116. 37 crores| Paid up capital includes calls in advances of Rs 116. 37 crores. 3. 4 Product’s, Loan and Services of PCBL 3. 4. 1 Normal Saving Minimum Balance| NPR 500. 00| Interest Rate:| 6. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit * 3. 4. 2 Prime silver saving Minimum Balance| NPR 1000. 00| Interest Rat e:| 6. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statement Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 3 Prime corporate staff saving Minimum Balance| NPR 0. 00| Interest Rate:| 8. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 4 Prime Shareholders Saving Minimum Balance| NPR 0. 00| Interest Rate:| 8. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 5Public Saving This product is available in each branch Minimum Balance| NPR 100. 00| Interest Rate:| 6. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statem ent * Debit Card charge NPR 100. 00 * Free Cheque Book * SMS/Internet Banking charge NPR 50. 00 * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 6 Siddhi Ganesh Saving Account This Product is only available on Sorakhutte Branch.Minimum Balance| NPR 500. 00| Interest Rate:| 6. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 7 Current Deposit Minimum Balance| NPR 5,000. 00| Product Features: * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit Note:-Current A/c cost NPR 1000. 00 for gold purpose. 3. 4. 8 Fixed Deposit 3 Months Interest Rate:| 8. 0% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| 4 Months Interest Rate:| 9. 50% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| 6 Months Interest Rate:| 10. 50% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Above 6 Month-below 1 year Interest Rate:| 11. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| 1 year and above Interest Rate:| 11. 50% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Note:- In fixed deposit interest rate will be negotiable by looking time period and Amount to be deposit. 3. 4. 9 Types of loan Deprived Sector(Institutional) * Deprived Sector(Retail) * Overdraft * Working Capital Loan * Demand Loan * Term Loan * Export Credit * Hire Purchases Loan – Commercial Vehicles * Hire Purchases Loan – Private Vehicles * Loan Against Fixed Deposits held with our bank * Loan Against Fixed Deposits held with our bank * Trust Receipt 90 days * Mortgage Loan * Loan Against Government Bonds * Loan Against Shares * Loan Against Gold ; Silver * Professional Loan * Equipment Loan * Education Loan * SME Loan * Home Loan 3. 4. 10. Wire Transfer * Transfer Money from your account to an account across the globe.The Wire Transfer (SWIFT messa ge) is a highly secure and efficient method of fund transfer. We have arrangements with major banks to send SWIFT messages which ensure secure and safe remittance to any place of your choice. 3. 4. 11. Foreign Currency Demand Draft * Get a demand draft in a foreign currency. * We provide you the facility to avail a Demand Draft in the following foreign currencies – Indian Rupee, US Dollar, and Pound Sterling. You can send the Demand Draft to the beneficiary, who receives payment from drawee bank on presenting the draft. 3. 4. 12. Traveler's Cheque Travelers' cheques are widely accepted instrument for convenience and safety instead of cash. We issue / encash traveler's cheque. 3. 4. 13. Western Union Money Transfer /IME /Money Gram * Customers can receive payments sent via Western Union Money Transfer/IME/Money Gram from our branches. 3. 4. 14. SCT Debit Card Card Services * SCT Debit Card (SCT Network) * 870 ATMs Network allover the Nepal. * 1500 Plus POS Terminals Network al lover the Nepal. * 4000 ATMs Network of Punjab National Bank allover the India. Transaction Limit Nepal (Withdrawal Limit) Maximum per transaction| NPR 16,000. 00| Minimum per transaction| NPR 500. 0| Maximum for a day| NPR 40,000. 00| India (Withdrawal Limit) Maximum per transaction| INR 10,000. 00| Minimum per transaction| INR 100. 00| Maximum for a day| INR 10,000. 00| Charges ATM Card Issuance Charge:| Free| New ATM Card Issuance forPublic Deposit Account Charge 😠 NPR 100. 00| Yearly Renew Charge:| NPR 200. 00| ATM Reissue Charge (For Lost, Expired & Damaged)| NPR 200. 00| Cash Withdrawal from Prime Bank ATM (Fee)| Free| Balance Enquiry from Prime Bank ATM (Fee)|   Free| POS Transactions (Fee)| Free| Cash Withdrawal from SCT Network other thanPrime Bank ATM (Fee)| NPR 25. 0| Balance Enquiry from SCT Network other than|   | Prime Bank ATM (Fee)| NPR 3. 00| 3. 4. 15. 365 Banking Branches| Holiday Counter| New road| 2:00 PM to 6:00 PM| Service Provides during Counter: * Deposit * Withdrawal * ABBS Facility * Cheque Collection * Foreign Currency Exchange * Travelers Cheque * Issuance of Indian/Foreign Currency Draft| 3. 4. 16. SMS Banking Track your account details anytime from anywhere Our SMS Banking lets you keep track of your account even while you are on the move. Register for the service by filling a registration form at our bank.After registration send SMS to 6262 with the keyword for your query. Receive a reply message on your mobile with your required information. SMS Services: Request Type| Query Message| Balance Enquiry| BE| Last 5 transactions in the account| ST| Note: – Type BE/ST in message box and send to 6262 3. 4. 17. E-Banking Services * Balance Enquiry * Account Statement * Interest Statement * Tax Statement 3. 4. 18. Safe Deposit Locker * Storing valuables at home becomes a security issue. * We offer safe, trustworthy space to store your valuables, documents and other things dear to you. 3. 4. 19.Locker Services * Deposit NPR 10,000. 00 to NPR 50,000. 00 * Annual fee from NPR 2000. 00 to NPR 10,000. 00 for various size 3. 4. 20. Letter of Credit * To establish Import Letters of Credit, sight as well as usance. * For you to be able to import required goods or purchase goods locally. 3. 4. 21. Bank Guarantees * We issue various bank guarantees to meet your different requirements for various purposes like bidding for tenders, issuing performance bonds, advance payment guarantees and custom guarantees. * We can also issue local guarantees against counter guarantees of acceptable foreign banks.Banking Hour Sunday – Friday 10:00AM – 3:00PM Evening Counter * 3:00PM – 7:00PM *Available only at specific branches 3. 5. ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES The main focus of the bank is quality service. In order to be the leading provider of the banking products and services, via new technology distribution modern channels serving a target group of corporate and general customers. Some of the strategie s of the PCBL are as following:- * To develop a customer oriented service culture with special emphasis on customer care and convenience. * To increase PCBL‘s market share by following a disciplined growth strategy. To develop innovative products and services that attract PCBL’s targeted customers and market segments. * To maintain a high quality asset portfolio to achieve strong and sustainable returns and to continuously build shareholder’s value. * To explore new avenues for growth and profitability. * To serving the client’s needs effectively and proactively. * To focus on a well-defined list of high priority clients. * To enhance strong customer relationships. These are the strategies of PCBL that has helped the bank to stand as one of the most successful commercial bank in Nepal as PCBL is committed to serving the customers.They are dedicated to improving customer care and to take a leadership role as to integrate banking sector. PCBL seek to attract the best people and to be a leader in fulfilling their missions. 3. 6 Core value and Ethical principles Integrity and Business Ethics: Commitment to integrity and business ethics is our fundamental principle to do the business. Teamwork: We believe that essence of success is team work and thus achievement of VMO is possible only when every member of team contributes to their ability. Most importantly we consider all our business partners (clients) as a part of the team with whom we share our ideas/skills, learn rom each other and take the business relations to the greater heights so as to be mutually beneficial which will ultimately lead to the successful relationship. Respect and Humility: We understand that respect and humility are the key factors to motivate and drive every individual towards the organizational goals. We honor the culture, language, ethnicity, social values and entrepreneurial spirit of every individual across the boundaries and draw strength from equal opportun ity and diversity thereby enabling the growth of all the stakeholders.Professionalism: Everything we do, we do with the highest standards of professionalism. Research and Development with focus on business partners (clients/customers) is the key to pursue innovation, deployment of imagination and quality functions/characteristics and translate new ideas into reality consistently whereby we can delight the customer/clients by delivering the products/services with outstanding quality so that our relationships with our clients will remain forever.Good Governance: We are committed to ensure the transparency and internal control systems through clear-cut policy guidelines/manuals, procedures, central bank's rules regulations for our own satisfaction and to satisfy the regulators thereby ensuring the Corporate Good Governance. Loyalty: We maintain the highest level of loyalty towards all stakeholders, particularly the business partners (customers/clients) and promise to walk alongside the business partners at difficult times/situations.We will strive to prove that â€Å"Bankers are all weather friends† as against the traditional concept of â€Å"Fair weather friends† by maintaining the Business loyalty at all times. 3. 7. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Table 2: List of Board of Director Board of Directors NAME OF THE DIRECTOR| DESIGNATION| EXPERIENCES| Mr. Narendra Bajracharya| Chairman| * Past President Hotel Association of Nepal. * Experience in the Banking sector for past 30 years. | Mr. Uttam Narayan Shrestha| Director| * 32 years of experience in Agricultural Development Bank. * General Manager in NIDC Capital Market for 2 years. General Manager Cottage and Handicraft Industry for 1 Year. | Mr. Rajendra Das Shrestha| Director| * 30 years of experience in industry and trading house. | Mr. Shyam Bahadur Shrestha| Director| * 4 years of experience in insurance companies * 20 years of experience in Pharmaceutical Industry| Mr. Uday Mohan Shrestha| Director| * 2 years of experience in Banking Sector * 25 years of experience in Hotel Industry| Mr. Umesh Shrestha| Director| * President for PABSON for 6 years * 30 years of experience in educational institutions. | CHAPTER FOURANALYSIS OF ACTIVITES DONE AND PROBLEM SOLVED 4. 1 CUSTOMER SERVICE DESK (CSD) Customer service  is the provision of  service  to  customers  before, during and after a purchase. It is a function of how well an organization is able to constantly and consistently exceed the needs of the customer and the department in any organization that deals with the queries and complains of the customer at first is known as customer service department. For any organization it is the very place which makes an early impression to the clients. It is the place where customers make the first contact with the clients.The image and the reputation of bank depend upon effective functioning of this department. It is the first place where the customers first get the service. It is very important to know that a highly satisfied customer stays loyal longer, buys more as the organization introduces new product, pays less attention to competing brands and is less sensitive to price. It would then not be inappropriate to say that this department is the key to success of any organization This department is involved in various activities from opening an account to its closing, providing account statement as per ustomer demand. The basic functions of this department are customer counseling, account operations and distribution activities etc Customer counseling is most important functions of customer service department. The efficiency of the customer service department or an organization is the outcome of the quality of the customer counseling that it provides. There are various kinds of products and services available in this organization. This department is also responsible for providing detail information regarding these different products and services. 4. 2.Major Activities Done on CSD (Business Desk) 4. 2. 1 Dealing with the customer It includes attending, solving queries and assisting customer to fill out the different types of account opening form such as saving, current and fixed deposit account correctly and also managed all the necessary documents related to his/ her identification form. Similarly client information was entered in record of ledger as well as in computer system. Various queries of clients are answered. All required information are provided very politely and sincerely. Work done by dealing with customer: helped them to fill cash deposit voucher * helped them to fill Account opening and closing form * helped them to use ATM * replied their queries regarding various product * gave direction to their required department 4. 2. 2 Account opening Customers who want to open new accounts are asked to fill in the form. They need to bring two passport size photographs. If they have a supplement or a nominee, then they have to brin g the nominee’s passport size photo and citizenship as well. There are basically two types of accounts: a) Saving Account:The different deposit schemes under the saving account can be listed above in chapter three. b) Current Account: Basically, this account is opened by sole-proprietorship, partnership firms, and corporations. The current account held in the name of firm is called â€Å"current corporate account†. The account holder has to maintain rupees five thousands as its minimum balance. Current account provides no interest on the sum deposited. However, firms can transfer the current account into â€Å"call account† in multiple of 10000; at the end of the day. Which provides interest on daily balance?Interest rates are negotiable on the basis of deposits. Current account can be opened for gold loan purpose also with minimum balance of NPR 1000. Account opening form is same for all type of product in PCBL but it should be maintain which type of account is going to opened in account opening form. Documentations: The bank should maintain proper documentation to know about the customer in person and to avoid account opening in the name of artificial person, companies, institutions etc. for all customers a proper application, identification document, photograph, specimen of signature are compulsory.Different documents are required for different companies and organizations. The different documents required for the individuals, companies and organizations are as follows: For an individual: * Citizenship certificate or passport or driving license. * Two passport size photographs. * Photo of nominee (if there is a nominee) * Citizenship certificate or passport or driving license (if there is a nominee) For a sole proprietorship firm: * Firm registration certificate * Income tax registration certificate (PAN/VAT) * Citizenship certificate of the proprietor. Authority letter (incase of third party operation) * Declaration of sole proprietorsh ip. For a partnership firm: * Partnership firm registration certificate. * Income tax registration certificate. * Partnership deed. * Resolution of partners. * Citizenship of partners. * Minute for account operation. For a private or public limited company: * Company registration certificate. * Income tax registration certificate. * Identification documents. * Memorandum of association * Articles of association * Board resolution * Minute for account operation. For a trust club or social organization: Registration certificate. * Trust deed. * Constitution and By laws * Board resolution Identification documents The company or individual is given an account number by filling in information provided on the form using the computer system. PBL uses the software Pumori for its banking ascertained. The form is sorted out and further worked on. The form is divided into four parts: account opening form, debit card application form, cheque request form and SMS banking form. The account openin g part is used to feed information in the system of the bank regarding the account, its type and details of its holder.Every application form is checked, scanned and approved by the operations incharge. After the approval of the operations incharge the forms are filed accordingly. Some customers may also want to close account. While closing account, it is necessary to get the signature on the account closing form by concerned bank personnel and the account holder. The account holder should return all the unused cheque leaves and should pay a certain charge as account closure fee as per bank’s system. 4. 2. 3 Closing of Account Procedure: * Ask the customer to fill up the form for closing the account * Verify the signature Get approval from the CSD in charge. * Deduct the necessary taxable amount and service charge from the balance * Calculate the net balance and ask the customer to draw the cheque of net balance and present it at the cash counter to issue cash * Get approval from all the department heads and file the document in account close section. Documents required while closing an account: Personal Account (saving) * Remaining cheque book * Debit card * Signature of the account holder in the account closing form Joint account * Remaining cheque book * ATM card Signature of all the members in account closing form Sole Proprietorship Account (other than Saving/ Premium Account) * Remaining cheque book * ATM card * Stamp of the company in the account closing form Account closure charges: * Rs. 750 for account closed, below six month from opened date. * Rs. 250 for account closed, after six month from opened date. 4. 2. 4 Cheque Book Issue Check book is issued at free incase the account holder lost the old request slip attached by the bank in previous cheque book. in such case RS 200 is charged. Procedure: The customer is asked to fill the white slip or new cheque book request slip of their old cheque book ( if they had used cheque book before) * Acco unt no is inserted on cheque inventory of computer system * Signature of Account holder is matched of slip and system. * Starting no and ending no of cheque book is inserted and posted * Cheque book record is kept on respective file and customer is asked to sign on it * The lost cheque of the concerned account is blocked in cheque inventory of pumari plus system. 4. 2. 5 On Demand statementSometimes the customer demand for the statement of the transactions. Issuing the statement means giving the whole transaction history of the account from the date as asked by the customer up to previous day it is requested. No fee is charged. and statmend is only given to the account holder or the agents if any mentioned. Process: * Enter date from and up to statement is requested * Print the statement * make the record in register * Signature is verified and handover to the customer. 4. 2. 6 Balance Enquiry Is provided upon the request of the customer and is provided only to the account holder. 4 . 2. ATM Card Distribution Debit card distribution process: * When the card is received from the head office they are checked and recorded. * After which the account holder are informed about their card arrival via telephone. * Upon the arrival of the customer they are asked for their names and ac no if not then checked in the information from pumori and record the ATM in delivery register. * Then customer asked to sign on register. * Signature is verified. * At the day end, after 4 o’clock all card holders’ account no. , ATM no. , are arranged in a table form in computer and mailed to card centre for aking card active. 4. 2. 8 Other activities done : * Explain services * Answer general questions * Refers to person who can help them with their problems * filling the documents * printing * fax sending * assisting other departments personnal with their work Signature Scanning Scanning of the signature is to be done and approved by Department head on the same day of accou nt opening. When a customer comes to get new cheque book or ATM card or get statement the signature of the customer should be verified to the scanned signature in the account opening form.Balance of Certificate Issuance (BOC) BOC is written in the name of account holder by the Bank. It is issued as per request of the customer. On the issuance of BOC IDBL charges Rs 200. BOC is usually issued inequivalent of US dollar, euro dollar or pound. Customers applying for visa for going abroad usually require BOC. Cheque Destroying: Cheque destroying is not a frequent activity of CSD but it is a very crucial activity and it is considered highly sensitive. It is performed even there is certain mistakes in cheque printing.The cheque serial number must be same in the system (Pumori) and in the physical cheque. So, when the serial numbers do not match. The cheques are destroyed in the system and â€Å"void† is written in the physical cheque. The destroyed cheques are kept in the vault as t he cheque is equivalent to cash and likely to be misused if not destroyed and stored safely. Providing general information about the services provided: People come to bank for the different purposes and may not be clear about what they should do next or whom they should contact to get their job done.In such case, CSD is responsible for providing true and accurate information. People may inquire different things over telephone as well. CSD provides the correct information inquired by the customers. CHAPTER –FIVE CONCLUSION AND LESSON LEARNT 5. 1. Conclusion The intern chooses Prime Commercial Bank Ltd. for my internship. The intern felt it will provide with the practical exposure in the field. During intern’s internship period the staffs of PCBL were very cooperative and guided me all the way till the end of my internship period i. e. two months.All the knowledge gained in this whole period will surely be handy for my career in the field of banking sector. The theoretic al knowledge that gained in intern’s college is backed up with this internship program due to its practical nature. Furthermore, to learn new lesson which were not covered in classes. It was exciting to see the real professional environment of the office. There were many departments each specializing in its own field. Intern was very comfortable; they provided intern with their senior staff as intern’s instructor Mr.Geha Ranjan Joshi (BM) and respected staff took intern to many departments to help intern gain good knowledge about the real time scenario of an agency. PCBL has its policy, performance to attract its customers with many special provisions of the deposit system, the loans ; advances and it has opened most of its branches in the business area. Staffs of PCBL are motivated and they are well qualified and trained and also the bank has provided the internship program as well with opportunity for employment. PCBL has possibility of earning more profit and goodwi ll in the future as its financial statement growth rate is positive.Customer Service Department is the main interactive part of the bank, front desk service where first customer interacts and tries to deal with their particular tasks. The first hand service is provided from this section. Almost all the minor detail of the bank related issue can be handling through this section. Therefore, front desk is encouraging customers to come PCBL for the services like remittance and other. According to the survey done during my internship period shows that customers are satisfied with the behavior shown towards them.And major reason for using PCBL by customers also found to be customer relationship. 5. 2. Lessons Learnt 1) The most important thing that I have learned during May internship period is the value of time. Time is always a determining thing. Timing of work is the key for the success. During my internship period I have seen employee just say I will do it later and they forget to do that work. After some time senor give ring and said that why don’t you guys do that? What are you doing? After that they seem to be mentally weak. That reflects they seem to be mentally weak.That reflect on their work and finally on their performance appraisal. 2) Clear division of work is key for success of any organization. During my internship I have found LXBL Maharjung branch lack that. The employee of CSD are quite confused with their responsibility. The senior of them from cash department assign lots of work to the employees of CSD which are under their responsibility of cash department . they are junior and they have to follow orders They star to do that work and lots their work are on pending. These after some problem on point 1 starts. ) Leader and the leadership quality of a leader is another important thing for the smooth function of organization. It also reflects on the effectiveness and efficiency of the work. 4) Flexibility is also key service for the customer satisfaction. Lots of time costumer can't get service because they don’t have exact document the organization demands. If a customer has a supporting document that there is right and if they have the required document, but they forget to bring. Then the organization should be able to provide the service to the costumers. ) CSD and the teller is the main place, where the costumers visit the most. How the employee on CSD and teller because to costumer, the reception of the costumers about the bank is made that way. 6) The interpersonal relation required, the employee is also one of the important factors for the success of organization. 7) The mental attitude of employee is also an important factor. Every employee should also understand that we are all human beings. We all have feelings. We all have emotion. We have master of our world so the leader doesn’t have to think that he is the senior and whatever I said they have to follow it.And junior doesn't have to think I am tae junior and they don’t listen to me. 8) Eagerness toward the work and toward the progress leads towards the development of employee as well as the high level performance an organization. 9) Human resource management is the main key of success for an organization. We can do whatever change to the infrastructure and the technology and other thing. Unless and until your employees are not motivated as manager you can't do anything. 10) Last but not the least, the organization structure, culture and most importantly the employees are the key success of an organization.